Expression operators

Expression operators
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Topics

Syntax

In order of decreasing precedence.

Operator	Meaning
`( )`	Grouping or procedure call arguments
`{ }`	Run the enclosed statement list and return 1 if it succeeds or 0 otherwise.
`[ ]`	Array indexing. (The first element is element 0.)
`-A -C -D -H -R -S -d -e -f -o -w -x -z -t -s`	File system tests. Each takes a single word which may contain wildcards as an operand.
`++ --`	Prefix and postfix increment/decrement. Right to left associativity.
`~ - ! +`	Bitwise, arithmetic and logical complements and unary plus. Right to left associativity.
`**`	Exponentiation. Right to left associativity.
`* / % //`	Multiplication, division, remainder and integer division
`+ -`	Addition and subtraction
`<< >>`	Bit-shifting
`< <= >= >`	Relation testing operators
`== != =~ !~`	Equality and pattern-matching operators
`&`	Bit And
`^`	Bit Xor
`\|`	Bit Or
`&&`	Logical And
`\|\|`	Logical Or
`? :`	Conditional selection. Right to left associativity.
`= += -= = /= %= //= >>= <<= &= ^= \|= *=`	Assignment operators

Usage

Precedence and associativity is the same as C except for the addition of the new operators. Except as noted, operators of equal precedence group left to right so, e.g., 10/5*2 is read as (10/5)*2 = 4, not 10/(5*2) = 1.

Expressions result in sensible types, considering both the types and the values of the operands. For example, 10/2 returns the integer 5 but 5/2 produces the floating point value 2.5. Also, the integer 1, the floating point value 1.0 and the string "1" all compare equal.